ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND RISK MANAGEMENT UNIT - 2

ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND RISK MANAGEMENT

LESSON 2

GAS CYLINDERS

INTRODUCTION

PRESSURE

HIGH PRESSURE USAGES

PRODUCTION/MAINTENANCE OF A LIQUID

STORAGE OF GASES

COMPRESSION OF SOLIDS

SEPERATION OF LIQUIDS FROM SOLIDS

INCREASING GAS SOLUBILITY IN LIQUIDS

INCREASE OF CHEMICALS REACTION RATES

SHIFTING CHEMICALS EQUIPTMENTS

AUTOCLAVES

GAS CYLINDERS

OXYGEN CYLINDERS

ACETYLENE CYLINDERS

HYDROGEN CYLINDERS

HIGH PRESSURE MATERIALS SELECTION:

a)      WORKING PRESSURE

b)      WORKING TEMPERATURE

c)       SIZE OF VESSEL

d)      CORROSION ASPECT OF THE PROCESS

e)      STRESS CONDITIONS TO BE CONSIDERED

f)       LOCAL ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS

g)      THE STRENGHT OF MATERIALS

a)      YIELD STRENGHT

b)      PLASTIC DEFORMATION ANMD DUCTILITY

c)       FRACTURE STRENGTH OR TOUGHNESSS

d)      HIGH TEMEPRATURE STRENGTH

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES:

a)      PRESSURE GAUGES LIKE BOURDON TYPE SHOULD BE INSTALLED ABOVE EYE LEVEL TYPE SHOULD NEVER BE ALLOWED TO COORRODE TWO RAPID RISE OF PRESSURE OF FALLL OF PRESSURE MUST BE AVOIDED.

b)      FLAMMABLE GASES AT HIGH PRESURE ON RUBBING AGAINST WALL OF METALLIC PIPES WILL CAUSE STATIC ELECTRICITY DISCHARGE GOOD EARTHING IS ESSENTIAL ON THESE PIPE LINES

c)       DIRECT FIRED VESSELS SHOULD NOT BE EMPTIED SUDDENLT THEY ARE ALOWLY COOLED BY THE FLUID RUNNING IN SLOW VELOCITIES

d)      BURSTING OF RUPTURE DISC HAPPENS WHEN VESELS CAUSE SUDDEN HIGH TEMPERATURES WHICH MAY IGNITE FLAMMABLE GASES SUFFICIENT VENTING HEIGHT IS NECESSARY FOR SAFE PASSAGE OF ESCAPED GASES

e)      TWO SAFETY VALUES ONE OPEARTING AT SLIGHTLY LOWER PRESSURE IS ADVANTAGEOUS IN VERY HIGH PRESSURE EQUIPTMENT

f)       RUPTURE DISCS HOWEVER GOOD SHOULD BE FREQUENTLY CHECKED AND CHANGED THEY GET HARDENED AND MAY FAIL TO RUPTURE WHEN PRESSURE EXCEEDS NORMAL OPERATING PRESSURE CORROSION OF INNER SIDE MUST BE FREQUENTLY CHECKED

g)      A RUPTURE DISC IS NORMALLY FITTED TO RELEIVE AT ABOUT 1.5 TIMES THE WORKING PRESSURE IT MAY BE EVEN 1.3 DEPENDING UPON THE CONDITION OF OPERATIONS.

h)      CARBON MONOXIDE ATTACK SEVERLY NICKEL SIMILARLY MERCURY ATTACK COPPER AND BRASSES IT MAY ATTACK STEEL AT HIGH PRESSURE HENCE THESE SITUATION MUST BE AVOIDED.

i)        ANY LEAK DEVELOPED MAY CAUSE FIRE OR EXPLOSION HENCE THEY MUST BE REPAIRED QUICKLY BY SLOW RELEASE OF PRESSURE FIRST AND THEN REPAIRS CARRIED OUT.

HIGH PRESSURE EQUIPTMENT MUST BE CONFINED IN SPECIAL ROOMS HAVING THICK WALLS OR BARRICADES THE HIGH PRESSURE GASES MUST BE QUICKLY VENTILATED TO THE TOP MOST POINT OF BUILDING

11. WELDED EQUIPTMENT OPERATED AT LOW TEMPERATURES AT LOW TEMPERATURES BELOW ZERO TEMPEARTURES SHOULD BE HEAT TREATED TO RELEIVE LOCKED UP STRESSES EXPERT WELDESR SHOULD BE ENGAGED TO FREQUENT RADIOLOGY TESTS OF THESE EQUIPTMENT MUST BE CARRIED OUT FOR ANY POSSIBLE CRACKS DEVELOPED DURING OPERATION
12. OILS SHOULD NEVER BE USED AS LUBRICANT WHEN OXYGEN IS COMPRESSED AIR LINES SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR CARRYING OXYGEN
13. PRESSURE JOINTS SHOULD NOT BE TIGHTENED UNDER PRESSURE
14. REGULAR INSPECTION HYDRAULIC TESTING AT 1.5 TIMES THE QORKING PRESSURE SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT BY EXPERIENCED STAFF PERSONALLY
15. TOO RAPID RISE IN EITHER PRESSURE OR TEMPEARTURE SHOULD BE AVOIDED LARGE TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS IN THE WALLS OF THE VESSELS LEAD TO HIGH STRESSES
16. SAFETY VALVES AND RUPTURE DISCS SHOULD BE PIPED TO DICHARGE AT A PLACE WHERE IT CAN CAUSE NO HARM THE DISCHARGE LINE MUST HAVE SUFFICIENT DIAMETER TO CARRY THE EXCESS LOAD RELEASE.
17. IT IS OFTEN ADVISABLE TO HAVE MORE THAN ONE PERSON WORKING IN THE HIGH PRESSURE ZONE TOO MANY PERSONS ALSO MUST BE AVOIDED
18. GAS STORAGE SYSTEMS MUST NEVER BE ALLOWED TO MIX ANALYSIS SHOULD BE CHECKED FREQUENTLY
19. SAND DIKES SANDY FLOOR MUST BE HAD SURROUNDING THE FLAMMABLE LIQUID STORAGE TANKS
20. ALL HIGH PRESSURE AREAS SHOULDBE CLEARLY MARKED ANMD GUARDED AGAINST UNAUTHORIZED ENTRY.

LESSON 3 EXPLOSIVES

INTRODUCTION

a)      CHEMICAL ENERGY SUCH AS NITROGLYCERINE OR GRAIN DUST

b)      PRESSURIZED COMPRESSED GAS SUCH AS GAS CYLINDERS OR AEROSOL

c)       NUCLEAR SUCH AS FISSILE ISOTOPES OF URANIUM 235 AND PLUTONIUM 239

d)      EXPLOSIVE CHEMICALS

e)      PRIMARY EXPLOSIVES

f)       HIGH EXPLOSIVES

g)      TERTIARY EXPLOSIVES

h)      LOW EXPLOSIVES

i)        EXPLOSIVE CHARACTER

j)        CHEMICAL REACTION

k)      DECOMPOSITION

l)        DEFLAGRATION

m)    DETONATION

n)      EXOTIC

o)      PROPERTIES OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS

p)      AVAILABILITY AND COST

q)      SENTIVITY

r)       IMPACT

s)       FRICTION

t)       HEAT

u)      VELOCITY OF DETONATION

v)      VOLATILITY

w)     STABILITY

x)      ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

y)      MINE EXPLOSION

COURSES:

Ø  Diploma in occupational Health And Safety

Ø  Diploma in industrial safety

Ø  Diploma in electrical safety

Ø  Diploma in fire fighting

Ø  Diploma in construction safety

Ø  Certificate in fire and safety engineering

Ø  Diploma in fire and safety engineering

Ø  PG diploma in fire and safety engineering

Ø  Certificate in oil  and Gas safety

Ø  Diploma in oil and Gas safety

Ø  Diploma in health ,safety and Environment

Ø  PG diploma in Health ,safety Environment

JOB PLACEMENT :

NSA will give100% job placement assistance to all successful candidates. Some of the Industries are listed below.

   Oil Refineries, 

   Port trust,
   Airport,
   Chemical Industries,
   Insurance,
   Construction and
   service industries are main job providers.

Students passed out from this institute can find job opportunities as Safety Supervisor, Safety Inspector, Safety Officer, Safety Manager, Fireman and Fire Officer.

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